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Unfit 24; A commonly used rock strength multiplier compared to sandstone multipliers used in South-Eastern Queensland and North-Eastern New South Wales
This paper examines the engineering issues relating to the utilisation of a commonly used rock strength multiplier with Sandstone in Southeast Queensland (SEQLD) and Northeast New South Wales (NENSW).
For this paper, rock strength results provided by the Snowy Mountains Engineering Corporation (SMEC) in S-E QLD and N-E NSW are compared to results of other studies made in S-E QLD, in the Handbook of Geotechnical Investigation and Design Tables (Look, 2007).
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Permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technology for the remediation of acidic groundwater from acid sulphate soil floodplain in south-east New South Wales
The release of acidic water contaminated with toxic metals such as aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe) resulting from pyrite oxidation within acid sulphate soils (ASSs) is a major environmental issue in Australia. Groundwater manipulation using weirs and modified floodgates is not effective in low-lying floodplains due to the high risk of flooding and their inability to prevent pyrite oxidation. Permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technology has been looked at as an alternative remediation technique in ASS terrain. Batch and short-term column tests were used to choose a suitable reactive material for the remediation of acidic water and the removal of Al and Fe, with recycled concrete deemed the most effective. Following these tests, a pilot-scale PRB was installed in ASS terrain on the Shoalhaven Floodplain, southeast New South Wales, Australia in October 2006. Despite a slow decrease in the performance of the PRB due to armouring effects caused by the precipitation of Al and Fe on the surface of the recycled concrete, continuous monitoring of the performance of the PRB over the last five years has shown an increase in pH to neutral (~ pH 7.3) and ~ 95% removal of Al and Fe from the groundwater. A long-term (30 months) column test conducted under controlled laboratory conditions for simulating the flow of acidic groundwater through the PRB determined that the predominant neutralisation reactions occurring within the PRB were the dissolution of carbonate/bicarbonate alkalinity, the redissolution of Al hydroxide precipitates and the re-dissolution of Fe oxyhydroxide minerals.
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Case studies of typical landslide events in the Adelaide Hills
The Adelaide Hills experience a variety of landslide events involving rock, soil and a combination of materials. These events are described by Sanders and Moon (2007). This paper is intended to complement the work of these authors by describing three typical recent events. Case Studies 1 and 3 describe events involving less that 50 m3 of material, a volume range typical in the Hills. Larger events do however occasionally occur and Case Study 2 describes one such event that involved up to 250,000 m3 of material.
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Technical Note: Subsoil Drains
This technical note has been prepared to assist in the understanding of subsoil drainage design and the related geotechnical issues. Subsoil drains are also sometimes referred to as ‘seepage drains’, ‘subsurface drains’, ‘trench drains’, ‘rubble drains’, ‘Ag drains’ or ‘agricultural drains’.
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Correlation between PMT and CPT after Dynamic Compaction in Reclaimed Calcareous Sand
Regardless of the reclamation technique that is used, sand reclamations are placed in a loose state, and are potentially subject to settlement under self-weight, insufficient bearing capacity and excessive settlements under loads. Dynamic compaction has proven to be a suitable ground improvement technique for the treatment of reclaimed sands, whether with silica or carbonate mineralogy. The pressuremeter test (PMT) has been systematically used in many dynamic compaction projects, but occasionally other tests such as the Cone Penetration Test (CPT) are used for quality control and verification purposes, and it would advantageous to be able to compare the results of the CPT with previously published projects that have used the PMT. While there are publications that have correlated CPT to PMT, the authors are not aware of any such publications for calcareous sands. In this paper, after a brief review of dynamic compaction, previous PMT and CPT correlations will be presented, and two projects in Qatar and UAE in which reclamation was done by hydraulic filling of calcareous sand will be discussed. The loose fills were improved by dynamic compaction, and CPTs and PMTs were carried out for testing purposes. This study suggests that PMT-CPT correlations derived in the two projects are in the same order, and do not appear to be dependent on depth. A relationship is proposed for estimating the elasticity modulus of improved calcareous sand using CPT cone resistance.