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Tunnel repairs in the Poatina Hydro-electric Scheme, Tasmania
The Poatina hydro-electric scheme conveys water from Great Lake in central Tasmania through a headrace tunnel, a surface steel penstock and a vertical shaft to the underground Poatina power station. Water from the power station is discharged through a tailrace tunnel and canal into the Macquarie River. The scheme was constructed in the early 1960s and the power station was commissioned in 1964. A continuing problem with silt in the tailbay of the power station suggested that groundwater was leaking into the tunnel. Tunnel inspections indicated that this leakage was from a section at the downstream end of the headrace which had been concrete lined through heavily faulted ground. It seemed likely that the loss of silt from this faulted ground could lead to a collapse of rock within the fault and consequent failure of the concrete lining and major leakage into the surrounding countryside. This paper describes the investigations that have been carried out to determine the condition of the headrace tunnel and the repair work that has been carried out.
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Sustainable Aggregates Information Seminar
Various speakers
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Use of embedded pile elements in 3D modelling of piled-raft foundations
The use of embedded pile elements provides a convenient approach that may save significant modelling time in the simulation of piled foundations. A back-analysis of an Osterberg-cell (O-Cell) load test on a 45 m long pile is presented to illustrate some of the advantages of using structural embedded elements. Comparisons with other modelling approaches for piled-raft foundations have showed good agreement. Three dimensional effects on shaft friction were also investigated in this paper. The simplified example indicates that, although the ultimate shaft friction developed along piles within a piled raft can be significantly greater than that for a single pile or a pile in a conventional pile group, it may not be of significance under typical design loads.
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A settlement hazard risk management framework for the development of backfilled open-cut quarries
Surface mining operations typically lead to the disturbance of large areas of land over the life cycle of mines. With growing pressures on land use, particularly in urban areas, brownfield sites such as closed open-cut mines are being considered more and more for redevelopment opportunities. Naturally, these areas require reinstatement to some workable final surface level which is then suitable for the future development. Nevertheless, the business case that supports the decision to develop these complex areas should aim at balancing and optimising the investment required in the rehabilitation of the original site itself, as well as the cost of subsequent infra- and superstructure development. Controlled backfilling of these disused operations is often complex, including considerations of variability and engineering characteristics of the available backfill materials and the influence of groundwater recovery. Variations in the properties of the backfill material may not have any significant impact on some after-use activities (e.g. when the area is intended for conservation or agricultural land use after rehabilitation), but subsequent surface infrastructure development could be severely affected by settlement of backfilled land. The strategic planning and closure process for open-cut mines typically involves a number of different stages and a detailed consideration of the potential behaviour of the backfill is crucial in ensuring successful development. The purpose of this paper is to present a Risk Management Framework (RMF) focused on addressing excessive post-construction settlement. This RMF needs to form part of a more comprehensive geotechnical, and ultimately overall risk management and mine closure plan.
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The use of naturally occurring materials for pavements in Western Australia
Over many years, it has been demonstrated that the application of engineering judgment has been a significant aspect of the continuing use of naturally occurring materials in roads and regional airports in Western Australia. The information contained in this document has been assembled so that, where possible, engineering judgment can be supported by relevant tests and an understanding of the significance of the test results. Materials such as laterite and calcrete (pedocretes), clayey-sands and scree gravels, are discussed against a background of “conventional” selection criteria, strength tests and critical service applications.
This document has not been prepared to provide specifications for general use in the application of natural materials in roads. Rather, one of its aims is to guide personnel involved in the preparation of specifications, towards practical criteria, which do not exclude useable resources. Wherever possible, Main Roads Western Australia practices have been incorporated into this guideline.
This document has been produced by a working group from the Western Australian Pavements Group (a subcommittee of Australian Geomechanics Society comprising Consultants, Main Roads WA, Local Government, Material Suppliers and Researchers). It is an update of the 2003 document published by Main Roads WA. New data has been included and the scope expanded to cover unsealed roads and minor airports.
“Although laboratory experiments may be thought indispensable for a complete knowledge of metalling materials, they are, however not sufficient to define the coefficient of quality of such material” Bredtschneider et al. (1911)
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Short And Cumulative Long Term Impacts Of Subterranean Cut-off Walls And Excavation Dewatering On Adjacent Structures In Urbanised Areas
This paper describes the hydrogeological and geotechnical assessment in relation to the short and cumulative long-term impacts associated with excavation, subterranean construction and dewatering in the Double Bay commercial area on the structural integrity of adjacent residential and commercial buildings. The paper comprises three main components, namely, (i) definition of groundwater study area and its geological and groundwater settings; (ii) assessment of potential cumulative impact of future developments on long-term groundwater change; and (iii) assessment of potential impact of short-term construction dewatering on risks of damage of adjacent buildings.
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Use of Bayesian statistics with the observational method
The observational method is one of the most successful processes in geotechnical engineering. Performance monitoring data are the most reliable information that engineers can use to predict future performance of geotechnical projects. This paper presents two examples where Bayesian statistical methods can be used for the prediction of future performance. The first example is to update the capacity of piles using load test results. The second example is to update embankment settlement predictions when field settlement monitoring data are available.