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The establishment of a field site for reactive soil and tree monitoring in Melbourne
Trees have long been known to cause damage to pavements and residential buildings as a result of soil desiccation by tree roots. As part of a long term study of the effects of trees on the performance of residential structures, a field site was established in early 2011 in Melbourne. This paper details the site selection, establishment and instrumentation, and provides some of the preliminary results.
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Applying Innovative Geophysical Methods To Assist Identification And Repair Of Road Collapses
Seismic tomographic imaging (STI) is applied to assess the extent of a road collapse that occurred in a major arterial road through the north-western suburbs of Melbourne. The road collapse was associated with a 4 m diameter sewer tunnel being driven through mixed soil conditions under compressed air at a depth to the crown of about 18 m. Emergency grouting was conducted from tunnel level and the road surface after the road surface had subsided over 400 mm. Over 130 m³ of grout was introduced to stabilise the area.
Downhole seismic testing and STI were used to assess the disturbed ground which extended over a zone approximately 4 m wide and up to 10 m deep. Further imaging after the initial grouting works indicated that significant voiding still remained and a further 20m³ of grout was introduced through surface boreholes. Subsequent imaging clearly showed a significant increase in seismic velocity within the disturbed zone. No further movement has occurred in the collapse area over the following years.
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Closure to “Assessment of the Coefficient of Consolidation with Queensland Data”
This paper presents a closure to “Assessment of the coefficient of consolidation with Queensland data” by Burt G. Look. https://doi.org/10.56295/AGJ55825.
A discussion on this topic is welcome given its many facets and wide interpretations by various professionals. There are many useful elements to the discussion, that support the intent of the paper, and other points which are useful background but not the focus of the paper.
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Timber Pile Foundations For Expansive Soils
This paper describes the results of a study in which two groups of small diameter timber test piles were driven to depths of between 0.5 to 3.5m into a relatively dry expansive clay soil, and subsequently monitored through changing seasons. The vertical displacements of the head of each of the piles were recorded as the soil profile heaved and fell in response to seasonal changes in ground moisture levels. These observations were found to be consistent with previous studies. It was found that piles driven to about the active depth on this site (1.7 m) are likely to experience about 22% of the adjacent ground surface movement, and that piles installed to about 2.3 m or deeper on this site will experience less than 10% of the adjacent ground surface movement. The ratio of pile movements to ground surface movements were found to be in good agreement with the results of a simplified analysis in which the soil stiffness is assumed to increase linearly with depth. It is concluded that driven, preservative treated, timber mini piles have good potential for use in constructing soil movement resistant foundations in expansive soils.
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A review on impact oriented ground improvement techniques
Nowadays various ground improvement techniques by impact are widely practiced as technical and economical solutions however each technique has its own use and range of application. It has come to the attention of the authors that the name of one of the techniques; i.e. Dynamic Compaction is being used generically in lieu of the proper names of the other methods. This article will review Dynamic Compaction and shall compare it with two other impact techniques; i.e. Rapid Impact Compaction and Impact Roller Compaction. As a conclusion the readers are advised to use the correct terminology to avoid misunderstanding and confusion in projects and results.
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Stress relief on hillsides and hillside excavations
The presence of high in situ horizontal stresses in the bedrock mass in Sydney is well established. The effect of stress relief during excavation into the bedrock mass is evident as horizontal movements as documented by a number of previous papers. This paper explores the likely stress relief on hillside slopes and the likely effect on movements during excavation. Two simple 2D block models are used to consider static equilibrium between the original in situ horizontal stress and the shear force possible on the base of the block. Published data in relation to stress reorientation or stress changes are summarised together with some observations in relation to site evidence of past movements which are indicative of stress relief on hillside slopes.
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Permeation Grouting In Sydney
In recent years permeation grouting has developed in Sydney and is now a common choice for building contractors as a simple, cheap and un-intrusive form of ground improvement. There are many sand deposits across Sydney from beach sands, aeolian sand, Pleistocene and Holocene sediments and fill material. These materials may be treated by permeation grouting to reduce their permeability or increase their strength using sodium silicate or microfine cements. The system has been used extensively for underpinning structures, sealing behind or beneath retaining walls, or even creating retaining structures, or for the containment of contaminated ground. This presentation draws upon the application of permeation grouting on many projects across Sydney to explain the technique with different materials and testing regimes for many different end uses. Other examples are presented of the application of permeation grouting and its development on other projects across Australia and elsewhere in the World. The aim of this paper is to show how permeation grouting can be used in Sydney sand formations for different applications instead of more complex and more expensive systems.
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Consolidation behaviour of Deep Cement Mixed Column Improved Ground during breakage of soil-cement structure
This paper investigates the behaviour of deep cement mixed (DCM) column improved ground during the breakage of soil-cement structure and subsequent consolidation incorporating the strain softening behaviour of cement mixed soils beyond yield. Numerical simulations were carried out using an extended version of the Mohr-Coulomb model. The ability of the numerical model in replicating the breakage of soil-cement structure was investigated using the physical model tests reported by Horpibulsuk et al. (2012) considering single cement mixed columns embedded in soft Bangkok clay. Numerical results clearly show that the sudden increase in settlements observed during the physical tests at higher applied loads is due to breakage of soil-cement structure during strain softening. During the strain softening, loads previously supported by DCM columns are transferred to the surrounding soft clay and excess pore pressures generated within the soft clay had shown a significant increase. Using the same model, the consolidation behaviour of the improved ground is investigated by varying the permeability of columns with respect to the surrounding soil. Results show that DCM columns will improve the consolidation behaviour of improved ground even when the column permeability is less than the permeability of surrounding clay due to higher coefficient of consolidation of columns compared to soft clay.