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Evaluation of stone mastic asphalt mix by the Bailey Method design
A series of wheel tracking tests are performed in this study. Mixtures are designed based on a designer’s experience and grading curves developed from past practice. This has led to many issues with inconsistent and poor performing SMA on the focus of rutting resistance. An investigation to evaluate the Bailey Method as a tool for designing SMA mix built on aggregate packing was undertaken. The Bailey Method was used to design a SMA blend which was then manufactured, tested and compared against conventional SMA used in Western Australia. Results show that the degree of aggregate packing directly influences the rutting resistance performance of Stone Mastic Asphalt using similar aggregates. The Bailey Method provided a useful tool in improving the behaviour of aggregate packing characteristics within SMA.
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Pipe Jacking Through A Rail Embankment
Pipe jacking through rail embankments inevitably causes ground movements during excavation and construction. Excessive ground movements can lead to embankment instability and rail track distortions which could result in train derailment. Therefore, ground and track movements must be closely monitored during construction in accordance with the respective rail authority standards and geotechnical assessment. This paper presents the project overview, construction method, prediction of ground movements associated with pipe jacking, track deformation design criteria and construction performance for the Gerringong Bypass Belinda Street Culvert where seven 1500mm diameter reinforced concrete pipes needed to be constructed beneath the existing South Coast Line railway embankment. Extensive instrumentation and real time monitoring were undertaken during construction to ensure safety of the rail operation. The measured ground movements were back analysed and the assumptions were calibrated for the prediction of future movements due to subsequent pipe jacking. A contingency plan was implemented to ensure that the settlement criteria and operational safety were met.
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Volume 36, Number 1 — Contents, Editorial and Society Notes
Table of contents, editorial and chairman’s column for Australian Geomechanics, Volume 36, Number 1.
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Stability Of Earth Fill Embankments Constructed From Residual Soils Including Impacts Of Climate Change
The paper looks at the stability of fill embankments using data from failed embankments constructed from residual soils in Western Sydney. Semi-quantitative, deterministic and probabilistic methods are used to consider the stability of such fill embankments. A simple, infinite slope model was adopted to carry out deterministic and probabilistic analyses. Climate data was used to assess the likelihood of fill saturation and the impacts of climate change on predictions.
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Intact Rock Strength Of Neranleigh-Fernvale Strata
The Neranleigh-Fernvale strata outcrop and underlie much of the Brisbane CBD and surrounding city areas. Many high-rise buildings and significant sections of recently constructed tunnels in the city are founded in these rocks. This paper reviews some key factors impacting on intact rock strength. Indicative strength values are provided as a guide for the conceptual design of engineering structures constructed in these strata. Strength estimates may be confounded because laboratory tests are often limited to a narrow range of foliation dips (25˚ to 45˚) relative to the direction of compressive loading of the test samples. There is a convincing correlation between weathering and strength.
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Development in Pile Testing
Fitri Jones & Stephen Buttling
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AGS QLD Regional Symposium 2022
North Queensland
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Sustainable Lining for Underground Hard Rock Openings
Conventional cast-in-situ concrete linings are costly, time consuming and environmentally unfriendly solutions for supporting hard rock excavations, because concrete linings are unable to utilise the inherent strength of the rock. It is well understood that rock support is the application of a reactive force to the surface of an excavation such as concrete lining for example; whereas rock reinforcement is a means of conserving or improving the overall rockmass properties from within the rockmass by techniques such as rock bolts, cable bolts and ground anchors. This rock reinforcement strategy introduced to the tunnel roof and walls is considered to be a supporting element capable of sustaining a thrust at the arch ends. However, a potential small rock wedge failure is highly probable and may occur in between rock bolts. To deal with this issue, shotcrete linings will then be introduced acting as thin “protective skin” liners to support the rock surface with performance similar to a reinforced concrete slab. As the reinforced rock arch provides the required support to the opening, this shotcrete liner will then be designed to act as permanent protection cover and to comply with structural and durability requirements. Examples referenced in this paper demonstrate that the thickness of this shotcrete liner is relatively thinner than traditional concrete lining. Due to reduction of the permanent concrete lining thickness, the total excavation volume of caverns/tunnels is also reduced. As it minimises the use of cementitious products for permanent lining construction, thus leading to reduced CO2 emissions and lower energy.
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Australia and New Zealand Geotechnical Design Challenge
Conservatism in Geotechnical Practice