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Subsoil drainage design — Perth residential and road developments
Extensive areas of the Perth Urban area are underlain by sandy soils, high water table and shallow depths to low permeability horizons. Drainage design involves considerations of subsoil drains, soak wells, stormwater sumps (for local authority drainage) and open ‘swale’ drains. This paper discusses approaches undertaken by the authors to the design of such drainage fixtures and provides some practical design guidelines for residential developments.
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Geotechnical aspects of the design and construction of temporary works for support of Rail Receival Pit 3 at DBCT
Temporary works were required to support a near vertical excavation of approximately 50 m by 20 m in plan and up to 22 m depth, to allow the construction of a rail inloading pit. Significant constraints were placed on the construction by existing industrial infrastructure and site operations.
The temporary works construction comprised an upper anchored contiguous bored pile wall supporting fill, surficial soils and weathered rock and a lower passive rockbolt support system in the rock beneath the base of the piles. The design of the anchored pile wall and preliminary design of the passive rockbolt system were undertaken on the basis of information gathered during site investigations. The passive rockbolt system was amended and optimised as in situ rock data was obtained and further laboratory testing undertaken. In response to the high risk to the existing infrastructure of collapse the performance of the excavation was monitored by an array of survey monuments, inclinometers and extensometers and compared with modelled behaviour.
Data obtained from monitoring and site readings are presented.
Constructional constraints and the methods used to deal with them are discussed. Logic processes in the probabilistic design of rockbolt support in deep excavations and the interpretation of data obtained are also discussed.
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Fieldtrip: Greenvale Dam Safety Upgrade
AGS/ANCOLD Joint Event
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Stabilisation of biosolids with admixtures for potential use as an embankment fill material
Biosolids are an end product of the wastewater treatment process and contain many of the constituents removed from the influent wastewater. This paper is based on a project currently implemented in Victoria to assess the viability of using biosolids as engineered fill material for road embankments. A series of geotechnical lab tests were conducted to evaluate the engineering properties of biosolids samples retrieved from Western Treatment Plant (WTP) in Victoria, Australia. The laboratory tests undertaken include particle density, moisture content, organic content, Atterberg limits, particle-size distribution, proctor compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and consolidation tests. Geotechnical laboratory tests were carried out on untreated biosolids as well as biosolids stabilised with 1%, 3% and 5% by weight of cement and lime. The test results were subsequently compared with the existing local road authority specification for embankment fill material.
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Applying airborne time domain electromagnetic induction to groundwater exploration in Chittering, Western Australia
The future agricultural and urban development of the Shire of Chittering is in part limited by the availability of known water resources. Traditional groundwater exploration methods in the past have produced relatively poor success rates in the deeply weathered laterite terrain in terms of low yields and/or brackish water quality.
Due to the importance of adequate water supplies to the prosperity and sustainability of the Shire, the Chittering Shire Council invited Worley GPX to conduct a trial HoistEM survey over a 75 hectare area of the Lower Chittering Valley to determine whether the advanced airborne time-domain electromagnetic system could offer an advantage to groundwater exploration in the Shire.
The survey proved highly successful at delineating potentially favourable groundwater resources to depths of up to 300 m, including inferred sedimentary palaeodrainages and deep fractured rock aquifers.
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The Tuas West Extension contracts 1686 & 1687 – highly variable Jurong Formation, karstic cavities, and large bored pile and barrette construction
The $3.5B Tuas West Extension (TWE) in Singapore extended the mass rapid transit (MRT) East-West Line 7.5 km from the existing Joo Koon Station to near the Tuas Second Link to Malaysia. C1686 and 1687 were two of the four TWE main civil works contracts. This paper looks at the high variability of the Jurong Formation and karstic solution cavities found, as well as construction aspects of the large diameter bored piles and barrettes up to about 60+ m depth.
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Building In Areas Of Landslip, Subsidence & Rockfall
Landslips, subsidences & rockfalls pose a significant hazard and risk to development / persons in areas subject to such hazard; as such, where planning authorities have an Environmental Planning Instrument with associated “hazard map”, this map & the associated “risk assessment” is used to assist in the evaluation of a particular development. This paper describes some of the risks associated with residential and low rise building works in areas identified as having a landslip, subsidence or rockfall hazard [including cliff lines & coastal cliffs] and provides some guidelines on preferred methods of building in such areas. The paper also discusses some of the practical issues relating to the planning & approval processes.
The guidelines provided are based on over 70 years of combined experience with slope stability & subsidence issues in relation to building & engineering construction.
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Ground improvement using dynamic replacement for NCIG CET3 coal stockyard
This paper presents an overview of the geotechnical design considerations and various analytical work undertaken for the development of the 30 mega-ton per annum (Mtpa) coal stockyard area at the Coal Export Terminal 3 (CET3) on Kooragang Island, NSW. The coal stockyard of CET3 covers an area approximately 1.2 km long by 300 m wide. The site is underlain by soft compressible soil strata of variable thickness.
To support the 21m high coal stockpiles and the stacker-reclaimer machinery loads, the upper ground required stabilisation/consolidation improvement. The original design of the proposed ground improvement was to use dredged sand fill won from the proposed berth and wharf facilities constructed for the project to progressively preload the ground and eliminate the majority of the stability concerns and consolidation settlements during the construction period. However, due to programme constraints and availability of dredged sand material, ground improvement by dynamic replacement (DR) was employed to reduce construction time and need for preload material.
The project, believed to be the largest DR project completed in the Southern Hemisphere to date, was contracted to ground improvement specialist, Keller Ground Engineering on a design and construct basis, based on performance criteria to limit the post-construction settlements and satisfy the settlement criteria for machinery operation considerations.
The process of the dynamic replacement work and the construction constraints of the ground improvement technique are presented.