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Novel pile design for multi-level car park above twin rail tunnels
Cherrybrook Station is one of 8 new stations constructed as part of the Sydney Metro Northwest project. The station is delivered under two separate contracts: the twin tunnels and station box excavation were constructed first as part of the Tunnels and Station Civils (TSC) contract, while the station and associated rail infrastructure is currently being constructed as part of the Operations, Trains and Systems (OTS) contract. As part of the OTS works, a multi-level commuter car park will be constructed at the city end of the station, directly above the existing twin tunnels and adjacent to the station box excavation. For the foundations of the car park, a novel pile design was developed to mitigate the risk of impacting the existing tunnels by ensuring that the relatively large axial loads imposed by the car park are transferred to the high-strength rock below the tunnels, while allowing the ground above the tunnels to provide lateral support to the pile to resist the relatively small horizontal loads. This paper presents this novel pile design, along with details of how the interfaces with the existing and future works were addressed in the design.
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Groundwater quality in the Perth Region
Perth is the only major city in Australia located on a major resource of fresh groundwater and consequently groundwater provides about 70% of all water used in the city. Shallow groundwater beneath Perth is highly vulnerable to contamination from urban land use and historical waste disposal practices. The discharge of groundwater contaminated with nitrogen from excessive fertiliser use is also a significant environmental agent that is contributing to the degradation of aquatic environments in wetlands, the Swan estuary and the coastal marine environment in Perth.
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Innovative Geotechnical Design, Smart Construction and Optic Fibre Sensing
The future of built infrastructure including geotechnical structures relies on smarter use of information to make better engineering decisions leading to a reduction in risk, costs and carbon footprint and enhanced resilience and integrity. The rich information obtained from emerging sensor technologies can act as a catalyst for innovative geotechnical design, smarter construction planning and more cost-effective and energy efficient construction processes. Design of geotechnical structures requires consideration of risks associated with variable geology, which can be managed by having high spatial resolution data to understand the effects of varying soil-structure interaction. At present, there is a mismatch between the data needed and what current sensing systems can collect, which makes data-driven decision hard to achieve in real-time. Fibre optic sensing (FOS) is capable of obtaining high spatial resolution data in geotechnical engineering projects, allowing real-time acquisition of large volumes of data that can be analysed and fed back to designers and constructors to improve construction performance. This paper presents a review of the role of data in driving smart, cost-effective and energy-efficient design and construction and in particular discusses how optic fibre sensing can facilitate this in geotechnical engineering projects. Three local case studies are presented to demonstrate the capability of fibre optic monitoring. The first case describes the use of FOS in developing a full picture of soil-structure interaction on driven mini-piles during pile load tests, enabling the development of new analytical solutions for this footing system. The second case presents monitoring of a pipe-jacking project in Melbourne where a Glass-fibre Reinforced Plastic pipe was instrumented with FOS to capture its behaviour during the drive. The measured longitudinal and circumferential strains led to better understanding of the effects of the process on the pipes, providing a foundation for design improvement. The third case demonstrates the capability of FOS in long-term monitoring of elastic and permanent deformations in pavements constructed with recovered waste tyres.
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Novel pile design for multi-level car park above twin rail tunnels
Cherrybrook Station is one of 8 new stations constructed as part of the Sydney Metro Northwest project. The station is delivered under two separate contracts: the twin tunnels and station box excavation were constructed first as part of the Tunnels and Station Civils (TSC) contract, while the station and associated rail infrastructure is currently being constructed as part of the Operations, Trains and Systems (OTS) contract. As part of the OTS works, a multi-level commuter car park will be constructed at the city end of the station, directly above the existing twin tunnels and adjacent to the station box excavation. For the foundations of the car park, a novel pile design was developed to mitigate the risk of impacting the existing tunnels by ensuring that the relatively large axial loads imposed by the car park are transferred to the high-strength rock below the tunnels, while allowing the ground above the tunnels to provide lateral support to the pile to resist the relatively small horizontal loads. This paper presents this novel pile design, along with details of how the interfaces with the existing and future works were addressed in the design.
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Jack Morgan Young Geotechnical Practitioners Award
Vinamra Gupta, Marvin Bedary, Yu Cherry Zhong and Manuel Joao Niza das Neves
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Mapping expansive soils from space
This paper describes a new approach to detecting motion related to soil expansivity from ground motion time series data. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is a remote sensing technique used to detect and monitor ground and surface infrastructure motion with millimetric precision using SAR satellite imagery.
A total of 74 high resolution TerraSAR-X SAR images were used to produce ground motion time series covering a large urban area (450 km2) in Auckland NZ between August 2019 and May 2022. Sixense’s Atlas InSAR processing chain produced 7.6 million ground motion time series. Data science techniques were used to locate motion related to expansive clays swelling mechanisms.
Climate data from NIWA weather stations and soil data layers from Landcare Research NZ have been included to complement the analysis. 450k building footprints from Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) have been used to map those buildings potentially affected by expansive clay seasonal movements. Finally, ground instrumentation data from the Mount Eden City Rail Link (CRL) station construction site is used to validate the observed motion precision of Sixense’s Atlas InSAR.
The end goal of this study is to provide the Auckland city council cost effective added value information in the context of climate change adaptation, where erratic weather patterns pose a serious risk to building foundations.