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E.H. Davis Memorial Lecture – Sydney
Professor Malek Bouazza
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E.H. Davis Memorial Lecture – WA
Professor Malek Bouazza
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E.H. Davis Memorial Lecture – Victoria
Professor Malek Bouazza
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Seismic performance of ground improvements on Christchurch Southern Motorway
The Darfield 2010 and Christchurch 2011 earthquake sequence occurred during construction of the Christchurch Southern Motorway, when ground improvements and approach earthworks at two of the major structures had been completed. These earthquakes have provided a means for the designed liquefaction mitigation and earthworks seismic stability to be assessed against known seismic events.
This paper describes the design, construction and performance of dry stone columns installed through stratified alluvial soils, with variable seismic characteristics. At Barrington Street overpass 6 m deep stone columns were installed beneath mechanically stabilised earth wall abutments and at Curletts Road overpass stone columns up to 18 m deep were installed beneath a 7 m high spill-through abutment. The performance of the ground improvements was established by post construction testing and instrumentation monitoring, including profilometers, inclinometers and precise level data. The monitoring has demonstrated the effectiveness of the design based on its performance in recent events. Christchurch Southern Motorway provides a duplication of the existing 3 km southern motorway, a 5 km new build 4 lane motorway over greenfields and, until the future Stage 2 extension of the 4 lane motorway to the south is built, a 2.5 km upgrade of Halswell Junction Road to connect the motorway to State Highway 1 (SH1). The project is being constructed by Fulton Hogan under a design and construct contract for the New Zealand Transport Agency, with Beca as the contractor’s designer.
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Application Of Soil Nails In Urban Infrastructure Development
The South East Transit Project Section 2 (SETP2) in Brisbane was recently constructed to provide a dedicated traffic corridor for public buses and emergency services vehicles. The project route, of a length of 2.1 km, traversed densely populated areas which imposed significant constraints to the construction work. One of the many challenges of the project was to carry out excavations within a narrow project corridor. As a result, steep cuts were inevitable. The stability and serviceability of these excavated batters were of paramount importance due to the presence of the existing facilities and properties in the proximity. A cost-effective solution to overcome such problems was to use soil nails to strengthen the ground behind the excavation and minimise disturbance to the surrounding areas. With careful design and construction considerations, soil nails have been extensively used on this project to provide support to steep cut batters. One of the most critical excavations for the project was located south of the Cleveland Railway Line and alongside the existing South East Freeway, a major arterial road in Brisbane. The excavation was up to 20 m deep with near vertical cut faces separated by berms. The soil nails have been successfully installed through the embankment fill and have maintained stability of the excavation and restrained ground movement in the existing freeway.
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Methods of ground treatment for engineered solutions
Austress Menard Pty. Ltd. has developed over the last decade into one of the leading proponents in the field of Ground Engineering and Geotechnical Construction, with particular emphasis being placed on the improvement of “Soft Ground” to convert it into a “fit for purpose” structural component.
The company commenced activities as a division of Austress Freyssinet Pty. Ltd. but, with the introduction of Menard Soltraitement into the Freyssinet group, it has expanded its range of ground improvement activities far beyond those of rock anchoring and curtain grouting that were the mainstays of the early days.
In addition to natural growth and in order to strengthen the skills base and expand its product range Austress Menard has formed exclusive relationships with market leaders in their fields, entering into a license agreement with Single Bore Multiple Anchor Systems of UK and a technical assistance agreement with Geo-Solutions of USA. The former endows the rights to use the SBMA technology, a unique high capacity soil anchor system, throughout the Australasian region and the latter delivers extensive experience and support for slurry cut-off barrier technology. These arrangements along with the range of methods developed by Menard Soltraitement allow Austress Menard to provide a wide spectrum of ground treatment and improvement options.
It is important to emphasise that Austress Menard’s activities are focused on ground treatment as for instance, in slurry wall technology and ground improvement, such as CMC and Vacuum Consolidation, as distinct from the activities of a mainstream piling contractor.
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Jet Grouting For Lisarow Rail Bridge Renewal
This paper describes the design and installation of a jet grouted deep foundation system to support a rail bridge on the Main North Line, just north of Lisarow in New South Wales, as part of a bridge renewal. The adopted method of jet grouting is a replacement/mixing technology that uses a high pressure jet to erode and hydraulically excavate soils, to form a grouted soil mass. This is understood to be the first application of the jet grouting technique to support a rail bridge in Australia.
Parsons Brinckerhoff provided a specification, reference design, construction surveillance and certification for the works. Following consideration of alternatives, including driven piles, compaction grouting and mini-piles, Austress Menard was selected to construct the works on a design and construct basis, using jet grouting.
The project was completed on schedule, during limited track possession time, under low headroom conditions. The specification requirements, design, installation, monitoring and post-construction performance of the successful footing system are outlined in this paper.
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Ground improvement of landfill site using ‘square’ impact roller
One third of a 2.2 ha residential development site at Greensborough, Victoria, overlies an old refuse tip. The challenge for the development team was to engineer the site to a condition suitable for the proposed dwellings, maintaining a control on costs and achieving the specified environmental standards. After stripping the existing clay capping, leaving a thin cover over the waste, the site was subjected to ground improvement with the Broons BH-1300 “square” Impact Roller. Impact rolling continued until settlements became insignificant. Then a continuous capping was reinstated and the area surcharged. The suite of testing included settlement monitoring, intrusive and non-intrusive geotechnical tests before and after impact rolling, and vibration monitoring along the boundary with neighbouring houses. Ground improvement in this manner resulted in a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable solution.