An interactive digitalisation platform for modelling TBM tunnel construction and long-term performance

As the digital transformation agenda extends into underground construction, digital engineering (DE)—enabled by building information modelling (BIM), geographic information systems (GIS), 3D geological modelling and advanced numerical modelling—has become indispensable in the delivery of design and construction processes for major projects. Enhancing visualisation and interoperability of various information sources are particularly valuable in underground construction. Underground infrastructure faces unique challenges due to geological uncertainties and geotechnical considerations where current BIM model view definition has yet been standardised to support the use case of geotechnical analysis. Workflows leveraging heuristic techniques are required toward creating a shared digital representation to aid decision making. This paper explores the expanded use of several DE technologies for tunnel design, construction, and operation. Focusing on BIM techniques such as parametric modelling and key functions of interoperability and visualisation, the paper introduces an interactive platform featuring several workflows. The federated modelling of ground conditions, the as-built environment, and tunnel structures was achieved utilising solid modelling techniques. A graphical user interface was established, enabling the parametric instantiation of segmental linings and crack details with a customisable level of detail (LoD). Through the interface between parametric and numerical modelling, meshed models were created for the numerical analysis of tunnel boring machine (TBM) tunnel excavation and lining installation, groundwater seepage, and long-term structural deformation and ground movement. The work demonstrates a strong potential of advanced information modelling and automated workflows to streamline processes for design, construction and operation stages of tunnelling projects.