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Computer Modelling Of A Pile Group
Conventional analysis of pile groups involves simplifications that are a response to the difficulty experienced in the past with employing advanced modelling techniques. Such simplifications include the model employed for the soil, the geometry restrictions considered in the analysis and the experience(s) of the modeller or available software. Histori- cally, methods gained acceptance for their ease of use and development of an empirical database of performance. Whilst past experience with limited modelling and computing power should no longer be considered a restriction to the use of more advanced modelling techniques, the checking of these methods against experience often remains as an im- pediment to their use. The “Catch 22” in this situation is that the very use of these “newer” methods is necessary before their use is seen to be attractive. A newer method based upon current analysis capabilities is presented as a viable ap- proach to improved pile group modelling. This paper attempts to provide an example of the use of more advanced tech- niques of pile group analysis than are commonly employed, and suggest some benefits, from a design point of view.
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The Application of 3D Finite Element Method in the Design of Large Piled Foundation System – Case Study: Melbourne Cement Facility
This paper provides an overview of the foundation design and analysis process carried out for the Melbourne Cement Facility silo located in Port Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The proposed silo is a cylindrical multi-compartment cement storage facility supported on a 2.6m thick concrete ring beam with an external diameter of 38.5m. The ring beam is supported by a piled foundation system comprising 155 CFA piles in an annular pile layout. The site is underlain by Quaternary Sediments of Yarra Delta which are further underlain by Werribee Formation. This paper describes a detailed soil-structure interaction analysis performed using the finite element program PLAXIS 3D, which was used to assess the foundation performance with particular attention to global and differential settlement of the pile group. The study evaluated the complex load sharing between the piles and the ring beam, and the differences in load mobilisation between piles within the group. The results of this study highlight the capability of 3D FEM analysis for obtaining an optimised foundation design solution and understanding and addressing various technical challenges associated with silo foundation systems of this type.
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AGS Sydney Chapter 50th Anniversary Celebration
A Cocktail Party Event
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Lessons from a historical perspective: Part 2, Slope stabilization by depressurization
This Part 2 contains design aids that are newish, but in reality are extensions of Skempton’s work of 40 years ago that is presented in Part 1 (Pells, 2015). These are charts for depressurisation of landslides and pit slope faces. While they assume geological conditions that are effectively homogenous on the macro-scale, they can provide guidance for more complicated situations.
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Use of wireline logs to prescribe strata hydraulic conductivities at Ulan Underground Coal Mine
Impacts of mining on regional groundwater systems are commonly assessed using numerical groundwater flow models which require an understanding of the strata matrix hydraulic conductivities. A rapid, reasonably accurate and relatively low cost option for assessing the conductivity is laboratory testing of rock core obtained from exploration boreholes. Core measured hydraulic conductivities can also be correlated to wireline logs that are routinely run in exploration boreholes. Simple bi-variate correlation can provide a means of assessing the uniformity or otherwise, of the hydraulic conductivity distribution but multi-variate correlations using genetic algorithms can offer an alternative and possibly superior methodology for predicting hydraulic conductivities. Core tests undertaken at Ulan Coal Mine as part of a groundwater management program have been correlated to natural gamma, density and neutron logs using a genetic algorithm employing a backward propagation neural network. The procedure has been used to generate continuous vertical profiles of hydraulic conductivities in numerous exploration holes where coring was not undertaken.
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Hydrogeologists And Geotechnical Engineers – Lost Without Translation
Fundamental to structural, geotechnical, hydraulic and groundwater engineering are coherent, functional, mathematical theories that obey the laws of physics and thermodynamics. Whether explicit, or intuitive, and though they be simplifications of a complex reality, it is these theories that set engineers apart from lay persons.
Like all practitioners, hydrogeologists have developed categorisations of common phenomena to make their tasks easier, of which two that are ubiquitous in hydrology are:
- The notion of ‘aquifers’, and their inverse; ‘aquicludes’ and ‘aquitards’
- The notion of ‘confinement’, and its inverse; ‘connectivity’.
These relate to geology, and mathematics, and are enticing because geology is complex and mathematics can be difficult. While the categorisations have been helpful, where the only consideration is groundwater production, they are deceptions when it comes to assessing depressurisation impacts. In addition they are not scientifically quantifiable with satisfactory precision.
The categorisations form a heuristic, where:
“heuristics are simplified rules of thumb that make things simple and easy to implement Their main advantage is that the user knows they are not perfect, just expedient, and is therefore less fooled by their powers. They become dangerous when we forget that.” (Taleb, 2012)In this paper, we trace the etymology of the classification of ‘aquifers’ and ‘confinement’, and the development of the current hydrogeologist’s heuristic. We show how this leads to a contagion of error when considering depressurisation impacts. We also deal with other words and concepts that are particular to hydrogeology, being Specific Storage, Hydraulic Diffusivity, Specific Yield, Specific Retention and Transmissivity, and which often mystify civil engineers with conventional training in soil mechanics. By translating these hydrogeology terms to those understood by engineers we hope to help communications between these closely aligned professionals.
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Preface to the proceedings of 2009 Sydney Chapter Symposium
This document contains the papers for the 13th annual symposium organised by the Sydney Chapter of the Australian Geomechanics Society. It is hoped the symposium will keep practising geotechnical engineers, engineering geologists and other engineering professionals informed of recent developments in this field. It also recognises the need to gather together the experience of those practising throughout Australia and to allow transfer of knowledge and sharing of their experiences.
These symposia continue to be one of the best forums for bringing together the key stakeholders of the Australian geotechnical community. The objectives of the symposium held in Sydney on 21 October 2009 have been to advance the knowledge of geosynthetics in engineering.
The symposium includes a number of themes including innovations, testing and modelling, case histories drainage applications and construction. Contributors include academics, designers, suppliers and contractors. The papers present geosynthetics project challenges and solutions from throughout Australia and overseas.
This symposium is the cooperative effort of many authors. The Editors and organising committee wish to thank the authors, who have so generously contributed their time to prepare the various papers, and the employers of the authors, who have assisted with time, secretarial, drafting and photocopying facilities. Appreciation is also extended to our sponsors for their support. Without them, the AGS Symposium would not be one of the best ongoing forums for the Australian geomechanics community.
Henk Buys, Brook Ewers, Hana Liu
On behalf of the Australian Geomechanics Society, Sydney Chapter and Sydney Chapter Symposium Organising Committee
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Performance And Prediction Of Soft Clay Behaviour Under Vacuum Conditions
This paper describes the behaviour of soft soil foundation under vacuum-assisted preloading at the Second Bangkok International Airport, Thailand. An analytical solution considering the variation of soil permeability and compressibility is proposed. The associated settlement and excess pore pressure at the embankment centerline are predicted and compared with the available field measurement. The field data shows that the efficiency of this improvement technique depends on the magnitude and distribution of vacuum pressure as well as on the extent of air leak protection. The height of sand surcharge and consolidation time can be significantly reduced in comparison with the conventional method of surcharge alone.