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A Method Of Zoning Landslide Hazard
This paper describes a method for the zoning of landslide hazard using a standard site report and frequency analysis forms to cover different types of slope failure. The allocation of numerical weighting factors to relevant site features provides a relative frequency of landsliding which can be expressed as a likelihood rating. The method has been used in a wide range of conditions and has proved to be robust.
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Significance of unsaturated behaviour of geotextiles in earthen structures
The unsaturated hydraulic characterisation of nonwoven geotextiles presented in this paper shows that they only require suctions between 0.8 kPa and 1.2 kPa to induce a rapid drop, of several orders of magnitude, in hydraulic conductivity. This implies that the inclusion of geotextiles in unsaturated earthen systems, for drainage or separation/filtration purposes, can potentially impede the flow of water and lead to a redistribution of the water content profile in the system. This latter aspect is the focus of this study. Geosynthetic drainage layers in contact with unsaturated soils were investigated using soil-geosynthetic columns where clay was in contact with a sand drainage material as well as with a drainage geocomposite layer (a geonet sandwiched between nonwoven geotextiles). The unsaturated drainage layers were found to impede downward flow of moisture consistent with the formation of a capillary break at the drainage layer-clay interface. Accumulation of moisture associated with an increase in moisture storage in the clay was observed, which progressed with depth until breakthrough of flow occurred into the drainage layer. Despite having significantly lower thickness than the sand capillary break, the geocomposite capillary break exhibited similar performance to the capillary break.
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AS3798 – 2007 Guidelines on earthworks for commercial and residential developments – Recent revision
The paper presents an outline of the recent revisions to AS 3798 – Guidelines on earthworks for commercial and residential developments.
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Urban salinity scoping study for Greater Launceston area: Part 1 Hydrogeological setting
Before developing salinity hazard maps or proposing management actions, it is crucial to obtain an understanding of the processes governing groundwater movement and salinity at an appropriate scale. Fundamental to understanding groundwater movement is the origin, deposition, weathering and fracture characteristics of the soil and rock that constitute the regolith. This paper describes the process involved in establishing the hydrogeological setting for an urban salinity scoping study carried out on a pilot study area in Launceston. The major factors involved in a typical hydrologic cycle are considered at the level of a desk top study of existing information, including topography, climate, land use and land use changes, surface water, geology, salt sources and salt stores, and possible groundwater flow systems. The end product is a conceptual groundwater model that can be validated by field investigations and measurements.
The companion paper describes the results of an investigation including drilling and laboratory testing.
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Site characterisation by the HVS Technique
A geotechnical characterisation study of a proposed development site has been conducted using the non-invasive passive ambient noise HVSR technique. The simplicity of the HVSR technique is manifested in having a short setup time (relative to other methods), and precluding the need for any active excitation sources and external cabling. In the study a lightweight battery operated sensor was utilised to capture the prevailing ambient noise (microtremors) reflecting the structure in the ground. Microtremor measurements were taken at regularly spaced stations at the proposed development site, with each recording at a station taking no more than 10 minutes. Thus the entire site was measured expeditiously within hours. The site characterisation involved (1) estimating the site fundamental resonance frequency and amplification, parameters of interest in the study of a site’s susceptibility to seismic activities (2) interpreting the measured HVSR curves for a preliminary assessment of the soil layering and (3) fitting the HVSR curves to a theoretical model to estimate the shear wave velocity (Vs) profile of the ground. Results from the HVSR technique have been verified against data from classical invasive methods (viz. borehole data and SPT). Further verification has also been made against the results from the array based MASW technique. The study suggests that the HVSR technique could be used for characterising a site in combination with a reduced number of mechanical in situ tests, and especially to fill in the gaps of the soil stratigraphy at the locations not covered by the mechanical tests.