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Cost Effective Design Of Rail Structural Fill Zone And Its Application In Southern Sydney Freight Line
Rail track structure is a layered system. Between the rail ballast and the subgrade, a subballast layer (comprising a capping layer and a structural zone fill layer) is often required to reduce the induced stress and accumulated strain at the top of the subgrade. Design of the subballast layer, in particular the structural zone fill layer, has normally been carried out based on empirical rules or authority guidelines which have standard, and often exclusive, specification for the material. For example, Railcorp and ARTC Earthworks Standards specify a structural zone fill CBR value of 8% and provide required structural zone thickness based on different subgrade strength/stiffness. The use of higher quality structural zone fill material with CBR values in the order of 20% to 40% may significantly reduce the rail structural fill zone thickness and hence generate cost savings while not compromising the long term performance of the rail structure. However, no design guidelines are available for design. This paper presents the development of a new design method for design of structural zone thickness considering the use of higher quality structural zone fill material, and the application of this design method in Southern Freight Link (SFL).
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Thin Sealed Flexible Pavement Design For Gold Coast Sands
Pavement design to the method set out in the Austroads Pavement Design Manual (APDM) is performed as a function of the elastic properties of the subgrade material. Due to the relative uniformity in composition of the aeolian and alluvial sands in the Gold Coast region, the elastic properties of these materials need to be investigated. In this paper, the physical properties of representative samples of these soils from differing regions within this area are established to allow identification of materials. A modification of the Australian Standard Test Method AS1289.6.1.1 βDetermination of the Californian Bearing Ratio of a Soilβ is used to correlate density index to CBR and the Resilient Modulus of these samples are established from Repeated Load Triaxial Test (RLTT) results. Pavement designs are then compared by the empirical and mechanistic procedures for unbound flexible pavements with thin asphaltic seals. The results of the analyses are presented in graphical form as well as recommendations for correction values to align the two design methods.
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Problematic Soils
Prof David Airey
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Three Dimensional Boundary Element Analysis Of Stress At Lkab Mine, Kiruna, Sweden
Dr John Watson, Department of Mining Engineering, University of New South Wales
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Geotechnical characterization of rock faces using photogrammetry
Dr Dwayne Tannant
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Geotechnical aspects of karst within the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia
The occurrence of karst limestone conditions within Western Australia is not well recognised within the general community but can be of major engineering significance for developments that are impacted by it. The presence and engineering significance of karstic limestone on the Swan Coastal Plain has been recorded by local Engineering Geologists with the first officially published recognition presented in the 1:50,000 scale Environmental and Engineering Geology Series Yanchep Sheet in 1986. The Geological Survey of Western Australia (GSWA) mapping highlighted a significant, well defined zone of karst phenomena within Tamala Limestone extending from Joondalup to Two Rocks. Increasing pressure from urban development along Perthβs northern corridor lead to several βnear missβ incidents which precipitated the incorporation of a requirement for all development applications within the City of Wanneroo to include consideration of the potential for karst.
To date, the published literature relating to karst on the Swan Coastal Plain has been limited to geological descriptions of the phenomena. Although the potential karst hazard is now widely recognised within the geotechnical community there has been very little published information relating to geotechnical design considerations and strategies for urban development within areas affected by karstic limestone relating specifically to the Swan Coastal Plain. Considerable work has been completed over the past decade relating to the identification of karstic ground conditions and geotechnical design strategies to manage potential risks. In addition, the existence of additional areas of karstic limestone has been identified within the City of Cockburn and City of Mandurah.
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A comparison of inferred CBR test results on ‘Perth Sands’
This paper presents a comparison of inferred California Bearing Ratio (CBR) results obtained from a 4.5 kg Clegg Hammer, 20 kg Clegg Hammer, Perth Sand Penetrometer (PSP) and Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP). Fieldwork was undertaken on four occasions at three locations within the Perth metropolitan area, namely at Preston Beach (Safety Bay Sand), Muchea (Colluvial Sand), and twice at Cockburn (engineered fill and Tamala Sand, the name of the sand derived from the Tamala Limestone). CBR values were inferred and the results from the different pieces of field equipment compared. Overall, at the locations tested, the 4.5 kg Clegg Hammer gave results that produced higher inferred CBR values, whilst the PSP inferred lower CBR values, with the CBR values inferred from the DCP and 20 kg Clegg Hammer in between.