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Geotechnical Challenges for Development in the Hunter Region (Part 2)
This issue continues the theme of the March edition and contains a further six papers which were presented at a mini- symposium organised by the Newcastle Chapter of the Australian Geomechanics Society in May 2005.
These papers, together with those published in the March 2005 edition, present a comprehensive insight into the many and particular issues facing the geotechnical community in the Hunter region. The papers in this edition include discussions on landfill covers and waste water management, monitoring of expansive soils and numerical modelling of slabs on expansive soils, a case study of a major road project, and a gentle reminder that historical data often provides very useful information which should not be forgotten.
The symposium organising committee did an outstanding job in encouraging the authors to produce papers which covered a range of topics of most interest to the geotechnical community, arranging for peer review of the papers, contacting sponsors for the symposium and the journal, and running the mini-symposium.
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A Study Of The Effects Of Municipal Landfill Leachate On A Basaltic Clay Soil
The performance of a landfill clay liner is generally evaluated using the hydraulic conductivity values obtained from laboratory tests during the design stage. Laboratory tests for the determination of hydraulic conductivity are frequently carried out either using water as the permeating liquid or some times using a chemical permeant to represent leachate. However, any investigations incorporating time as a variable in analysing the effects of leachate on various other soil properties that can influence the hydraulic conductivity are very limited. This study is aimed at investigating the effects of landfill leachate on the performance of a compacted basaltic clay soil, over a period of time. For this purpose, a typical Melbourne basaltic clay with varying percentages of montmorillonite clay was selected and a synthetic leachate was developed based on the composition of typical municipal waste landfill leachate reported in the literature. The clay – leachate interactions were allowed take place under controlled anaerobic laboratory conditions. Samples were then tested at different time periods to identify possible variations of engineering properties such as volume change, consistency and grain size distribution due to the effect of leachate over time, since variation of these soil properties can affect the hydraulic conductivity of a clay soil. The analysis of test results suggests that the behaviour of a basaltic clay liner could be significantly affected by clay leachate interactions over time, due to possible alterations to physical and mineralogical properties of the clay.
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Two case studies of movement and damage in relatively new domestic dwellings
This paper presents cases of damage in two dwellings in Victoria that occurred because of soil movement. The paper explains the mechanisms of movement that lead to the damage, based on site specific geotechnical investigations.
In the first case study, significant localised heave occurred beneath the front section of a residence supported on a slab founded on a highly reactive, compacted clay fill. The other sections of the slab exhibited little movement. No site drainage issues were observed around the front of the building, where the heave has occurred. The front section of the slab was constructed over an access roadway for heavy earth moving machinery that was required during development of the estate were the house was built. The effect of the heavy machinery traffic on the performance on the fill, and therefore, on the slab is examined and discussed in this paper.
The second case study relates to significant localised heave beneath the front of another residence supported on a slab founded on highly reactive clay soil. The other sections of the slab exhibited little movement. The subject site sloped from front to back, requiring site levelling works. As a result of these works, the front section where the heave has occurred, is located within a site cut constructed just prior to the construction of the slab, whilst the rear section of the slab is suspended on deep piers over the filled area. The effect of the site cut, undertaken just prior to slab construction, on the performance of the slab is examined and discussed in this paper.
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AGS Queensland Symposium 2023
Underground Geotechnics - Deep Foundations, Piles and shored excavation and tunnels/shaft
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Deep Soil Mixing Ground Improvement To Minimise Differential Settlements For Rail Embankment Culvert Approaches For The Hexham New Loop Project, NSW
As part of key strategic upgrades programmed and in plan for the North Sydney Freight Corridor (NSFC), improvements to the rail network are close to completion at Hexham. The works at Hexham comprise construction of a new loop approximately 1.7 km in length parallel to the existing up main line to permit more efficient entry of southbound trains into the NSFC. The works are being delivered by an Alliance formed of Australian Rail Track Corporation, Transport Express Joint Venture and AECOM, working with specialist geotechnical contractor Keller Ground Engineering.
The site is located around 130m from the Hunter River in an area underlain by extensive very soft alluvial deposits. The low lying location also means groundwater is at or close to ground level and is subject to tidal influence.
To support the proposed new track and in view of the poor subsoil conditions, the ground improvement method comprising deep soil mixing (DSM) was adopted at the approach embankments and at the proposed culvert location below the rail embankment. The ground improvement is targeted at improving the strength and reducing the compressibility of the soft soils below the culvert to ensure stability of the railway and control differential settlements at the approaches to the culvert. The DSM treatment was considered the most practical, cost effective and suitable ground improvement method amongst the options considered.
This paper discusses the project, the ground conditions and the foundation options considered to meet the project performance criteria. It will present the design of the deep soil mixing technique as applied at this site, including tests results on sacrificial and working DSM columns during construction.