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Young Geotechnical Engineers’ Evening Seminar & 17th Dr Baden Clegg Award
Jarrad Coffey, Andrew Lim and Sam Stanier
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Scrap-tyre Soil Mixture For Seismic Protection
Scrap tyre stockpile has been a significant disposal problem around the world. Significant research attention has been devoted in recent years to find new beneficial ways to recycle and reuse the huge stockpile. This paper proposes a new method of utilizing scrap tyres for infrastructure protection. The method involves mixing scrap tyres with soil materials and placing the mixtures around foundations for vibration absorption. This method provides two major benefits: (i) the low-cost would make it accessible to developing countries and rural areas of developed countries where resources and technology are not adequate for earthquake mitigation with welldeveloped, expensive, techniques and (ii) potential to consume the huge stockpiles of scrap tyres all over the world. However, the success of the proposed method depends on the static and dynamic properties of scrap tyresoil mixtures. This paper presents results of recent experimental investigations on tyre (tyre crumbs)-soil mixtures carried out at University of Wollongong.
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Design Of High Strength Geotextiles For Basal Reinforcement Within Embankments
High Strength Geotextiles (HSG’s) are commonly used as basal reinforcement within embankments and structures founded upon weak ground. The polymeric composition of these products can bring high magnitudes of tensile strength to the system to prevent against slope instabilities and bearing type failures.
HSG’s are “passive” forms of reinforcement, whereby activation of its capacity occurs whence destabilising forces are applied, causing the reinforcement to undergo tensile strain. The polymeric materials in HSG’s undergo creep, i.e. deformation under sustained application of constant tensile loads. The combination of straindependent and time-dependent behaviours in HSG’s are a complex mix of material characteristics, which make them complicated to design with. The complexity of their behaviour has resulted in greatly varying design methods adopted in industry. The source of difference is often linked to how creep is addressed in the selection of HSG, and how its strain-dependent behaviour is accounted for. This paper discusses the design methodologies referred to in BS8006 (Code of Practice for Strengthened/Reinforced Soils and other Fills) – which follows a limit state design process to ascertain the design loads to be carried by HSG’s and methods on how to assess the design strength of proprietary products. The authors generally support the methodologies adopted in BS8006 with suggestions on limiting criteria and how these can be assessed.
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Blasting operations for Tingkillo switching yard to reduce impacts on nearby structures and stakeholders
Blasting operations in high risk areas involve extensive risk assessments and consultation with all stakeholders to minimise impacts on any nearby structures and stakeholders. For the construction of the ElectraNet Tungkillo switching yard in South Australia, blasting operations were undertaken during earthworks to form the switchyard platform which met project delivery dates and reduced the impact of the project on the local environment and stakeholders. The alternative to blasting was the importation of large volumes of fill to the isolated site. The blasting works required detailed design and specialised blasting techniques due to the very high risk of damage to overhead high voltage transmission power lines that provide electricity to the city of Adelaide through the ElectraNet electricity transmission network. In addition to this, nearby property owners expressed concern over potential damage to their properties as a result of the nearby blasting works. Through a complete risk assessment and thorough monitoring program, the blasting works for the Tungkillo switching yard were able to be completed on time, without incident and to design specifications.
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Implementation of the AGS geotechnical data transmission format: the Brazilian experience
In the technology age, when cloud computing and artificial intelligence are prominent, the Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists (AGS) digital data format gains its greatest importance. This paper presents a case study using the AGS digital transmission standard for geotechnical investigations in Brazil. The AGS data transmission standard developed in the United Kingdom is discussed with reference to reporting qualities in terms of flexibility and robustness. Next, two sectors in Brazil that started using the AGS format before it was officially implemented in the country are presented. It includes highways operated by private companies and academic researchers focused on the application of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science techniques to a national geotechnical investigation Big Data. Hence, the urgent need to implement a standardized format for geotechnical data transmission; as well as the opportunities that it presents, such as the integration with Building Information Modelling (BIM) software. It includes information for maintenance, operation of infrastructures and the development of automated geotechnical correlations. In conclusion, the case study indicates that, if the digital demands are not met by the official standardization in Brazil of geotechnical data transmission, private and scientific researchers may force this to occur through widespread use.
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Quantitative Landslide Risk Assessment Of Cairns
A GIS-based quantitative landslide risk assessment was carried out in the Cairns area to provide information to the Cairns City Council on landslide hazard, community vulnerability and risks for planning and emergency management purposes. Magnitude recurrence relations were tentatively established for the two main slope processes: landslides on the hill slopes and large debris flows extending out from the gully systems on to the plains. From the recurrence relations, landslide hazard (H) was estimated as the annual probability of a point being impacted by a landslide. The nature, number (E) and geographic distribution of the elements at risk were obtained by interrogating the GIS, and their vulnerabilities (V) to destruction by the two main landslide slope processes were assessed. From this information, specific risk (= HxV) and total risk (= HxVxE) maps were produced.
Landslide risk may increase as development extends further into the hill slopes. Large debris flows could impact on subdivisions at the base of the slopes. Blockage by landslides of roads and railways could cause isolation of the community. Flash flooding in Freshwater Creek, or debris flows, have the potential to disrupt the Cairns water supply by blocking the intake or destroying sections of the pipeline.
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Considerations In Applying Geotextiles To Coastal Revetments
The application of geotextile membranes in breakwater and revetment design raises the issue of the appropriate soil/geotextile and geotextile/geotextile friction angles that can be adopted for stability analysis. A considerable amount of data, much derived from the design of landfills, has been published on this subject. Other data are provided by geotextile manufacturers. Much of the data refer to a variety of woven fabrics, but data exist also for non-woven needle punched geotextiles that are used in coastal engineering structures. This paper reviews the local practice and literature and proposes appropriate values for soil/geotextile and geotextile/geotextile friction angles that may be considered for the preliminary design of coastal revetment structures.
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Design And Construction Of A Cement Stabilised-shored Reinforced Soil Wall
This paper presents the design approach, methods of analysis, material testing and construction of a Cement StabilisedShored reinforced soil wall (RSW) for Hills M2 Upgrade project in Sydney, NSW. Particular attention was given to the deformation modulus of the backfill material and stress conditions within the RSW that could promote cracking.
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Pile design for liquefaction effects
Although liquefaction is a rare event in Australia, with only two documented instances, a pile design must still cater for liquefaction in a design earthquake. Liquefaction can lead to a loss of shaft resistance, additional horizontal displacements and bending moment under inertia loads, pile buckling and lateral spreading. This paper describes the four loading stages suffered by a pile before, during and after an earthquake when liquefaction may or may not occur. The method of Youd et al (2001) is used to predict the potential for liquefaction with depth. The important parameters for use in a ‘design earthquake’, namely peak ground acceleration and earthquake magnitude, depend on the seismic activity of the region and have been derived for the area of Adelaide, South Australia. If the soil profile has the potential to liquefy, the geotechnical capacity, the lateral behaviour and the buckling potential of the pile under the inertia loads must be determined for the loss of soil support. If lateral spreading can occur, a further lateral analysis is required. This method is used by the author in routine pile design and an example of the design process together with four case histories is given. The importance of continuous sampling and very careful logging of the soil profile during the geotechnical investigation is emphasised for an accurate liquefaction assessment.
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RE: Landslide Risk Management Concept And Guidelines Report By AGS Sub-Committee, AGS Journal Vol 35 No 1 March 2000
I am writing to you with my comments on the above paper. The comments arise as the result of work I have been carrying out for the National Parks and Wildlife Service on Risk Assessments for the various lodges and infrastructure development in the Kosciuszko National Park following the Thredbo Landslide. Can you please pass them on to the committee responsible for issue of the report for their consideration.