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Settlement behaviour of deep engineered fill former basalt quarry, Niddrie, Victoria
The Valley Lake Project involved the rehabilitation of a former basalt quarry for residential development. Prior to rehabilitation, the quarry was partially filled with stockpiles of waste rock and overburden materials and a lake had formed in the quarry base. Rehabilitation involved the removal and processing of approximately 2.4 million cubic metres of stockpiled fill for placement as engineered fill, the creation of a feature lake and stabilisation of existing quarry walls.
The project encompassed many geotechnical challenges including the development of a strategy to engineer deep fill platforms using Quaternary age Newer Volcanics material varying from high plasticity basaltic clays to weathered basalt rock with boulders up to 3 m in size. Critical to the residential housing development was the settlement behaviour of the engineered fill, particularly with regard to the performance of shallow footings founded on a fill thickness of up to about 35 m.
This paper presents the results of monitoring of settlement plates installed within the fill profile. The results of the settlement monitoring show the behaviour of the various fill materials during construction, post-construction and during the recovery of groundwater levels within the fill.
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Characterisation of Victorian sites using a suction sign post shrinkage test with reference to geological and climate settings
This paper presents a method of ‘ground reactivity integration’ using a modified linear shrinkage (MLS) test. This method was first developed in the 1970s and updated in 1993 by Universal Soil Laboratories Pty Ltd (USL). In 1999 it was re-examined and further modified with the introduction of suction sign posts. The results were compared with the shrink/swell (S/S) test method described in AS 2870 and AS 1289. A typical ‘family of curves’ of strain/suction relationships and shrink/swell indices (Iss) were also compared to soil geology and climate in Victoria.
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AGS Queensland Symposium 2023
Underground Geotechnics - Deep Foundations, Piles and shored excavation and tunnels/shaft
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Modelling Of Soil Improvement Induced By Tree Root Suction
Vegetation contributes to weak soil stabilisation through reinforcement of the soil, dissipation of excess pore pressures, and increasing the shear strength by induced matric suction. This paper is concerned with the way vegetation influences soil matric suction, shrinkage, and ground settlement. A mathematical model for the rate of root water uptake that considers ground conditions, type of vegetation and climatic parameters, has been developed. Based on this proposed model, the distribution of moisture and the matric suction profile adjacent to the tree are numerically analysed. Field measurements taken from literature are compared with the authors’ numerical model. The predicted results calculated using the soil, plant, and atmospheric parameters implemented in the numerical model, compared favourably with the measured results, justifying the assumptions upon which the model was developed. Furthermore, through the parametric study and sensitivity analysis, the required accuracies of the model parameters are determined. The findings of this study indicate that due to significant reduction in soil moisture content induced by tree roots, the shear strength of the soil will be enhanced.
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The Impact of Assumptions on Deterministic and Probabilistic Analyses of Earth Fill Embankments
This paper considers the impact of assumptions made when formulating analytic approaches to deterministic and probabilistic analyses of slope stability. The assumptions reviewed were presented in a paper, Waddell (2023) that presented semi-quantitative stability assessment using survey data, deterministic and probabilistic slope stability analyses of fill embankments constructed from residual soil and weathered bedrock in Western Sydney. A single variable fill strength was adopted, that was obtained from an Infinite Slope analysis assuming fully saturated fill. Rainfall records were used to predict risk of saturation to calculate annual probability of slope failure. The impacts of assumptions used to calculate the strength parameter, factor of safety and predicted failure probability are addressed in this paper. Saturation assumptions, the choice of limit equilibrium model, shape of the probability distribution functions, and spatial correlation of material properties are considered.
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Performance of reinforced soil wall supported by stone columns
A 10 m high reinforced soil (RS) wall has been designed to retain an access road and also the building platform for a mixed development located over a valley terrain. Within the lower part of the valley where the wall is located, the unfavourable ground conditions consisting of approximately 12 m thick soft compressible alluvial deposits overlying a stiff granitic residual formation was revealed during the subsurface investigation. In order to support the high wall vertically and laterally stone columns were adopted for ground treatment as an economic solution. This paper demonstrates the design aspects of the stone column support as a composite treatment for unfavourable ground conditions, the construction QA/QC measures and the verification of the performance using a comprehensive instrumentation scheme. From the instrumentation results the inclinometer and extensometer installed at the edge of the wall show minor lateral squeezing and settlement of the subsoil within the influence depth of the RS wall. However the deformation of the wall as a result of the lateral and settlement movements of the supporting ground is satisfactory and indicates the effectiveness and economy of this proposed solution.
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Fatigue performance of asphalt with different conventional binders
A series of experiments has been conducted at Curtin University, Australia to explore the influence of different conventional binders used in asphalt mixes on their fatigue performance. Fatigue cracking is one of the key distress modes occurring in flexible pavements. The different binders used in this research differs in viscosity. Through this study, results showed that the flexural stiffness decreases as the repetitive load cycles are applied. Results in this study also show that the fatigue life varies with the increase of viscosity of binders used in the asphalt mix. The fatigue life found in this study decreases from Class 320 asphalt mix to Class 170 and then Class 600. In addition the tests were carried out in a constant temperature, strain level and loading frequency. In this research, the fatigue life of asphalt mixtures with different conventional binders was evaluated through a four point bending test in strain controlled mode and with harvasine loading. The fatigue life of the asphalt mixtures has been assessed and determined based on the 50% reduction in the initial flexural stiffness.
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Engineering geological evolution of the Jolimont Valley, Melbourne, Victoria
Recent investigations within central Melbourne for a number of projects have provided new subsurface information across the width of the Jolimont Valley, a buried valley roughly aligned with the present day course of the Yarra River. Quaternary erosion and deposition have lead to a complex sequence of sediments with incised paleochannels and interbedded lava flows. This paper uses recently acquired subsurface information to present an evolutionary geological model for the Jolimont Valley. The evolution of the valley is described in terms of its depositional history correlated with global and local sea levels and estimated stress changes within the materials infilling the valley.