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An Alternative Approach To Assessing Post Construction Settlement With Incomplete Preload Settlement Data
Soft clays are commonly encountered in construction projects undertaken in coastal alluvial environments and can undergo large settlements when subjected to vertical stresses larger than previously experienced. Building on soft clay sites typically requires geotechnical assessment and treatments to manage the risk associated with excessive total and differential settlement resulting from primary consolidation and creep mechanisms. Preloading or surcharging of soft clays is a common treatment used to induce the majority of primary consolidation settlement prior to construction, and to reduce the magnitude and variability in long-term settlement post-construction. Review of monitoring data captured within the preload or surcharge period is normally necessary to assist in the prediction of post-construction settlement over the design life of the development. The monitoring data is typically used to identify when the surcharge can be removed, allowing a prediction of the long-term settlement based on key parameters including the achieved over- consolidation ratio (OCR). This paper presents an alternate approach to assessing post-construction settlement when settlement monitoring data is unavailable or incomplete. The method relies on in-situ Cone Penetration Test (CPTu) data to estimate the pre-consolidation pressure of the soft clay deposit under the surcharge load and a calculation to consider the resulting OCR after surcharge removal. The resulting values of OCR are used to assess reduced creep settlement rates based on published information to predict the post-construction settlement. The method is demonstrated with data from a site in south-east Queensland.
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Design And Construction Of A Resilient Motorway On Difficult Ground
Resilience is the ability of assets, networks and systems to anticipate, absorb, adapt to and / or rapidly recover from a disruptive event. Where motorways cross floodplains, a major flood poses the greatest risk of a disruptive event. Deep deposits of soft, compressible materials are often encountered in floodplains making construction of resilient infrastructure difficult and potentially expensive.
In order to optimise the balance between time, cost, resilience and risk the Roads and Maritime Authority of New South Wales (RMS), in conjunction with the Ballina Bypass Alliance, developed a low embankment strategy to minimise the whole of life cost of the Ballina Bypass motorway while allowing the motorway to operate during a 1 in 20 year flood. The low embankments traversed very poor ground conditions and the geotechnical challenge was to estimate performance of the embankments at the design stage, monitor the actual performance of the embankments during construction and to take actions to achieve the strategic goals if required.
This paper presents the low embankment strategy, the associated pavement strategy and discusses the geotechnical elements pivotal to its success.
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Intact Rock Strength Of Neranleigh-Fernvale Strata
The Neranleigh-Fernvale strata outcrop and underlie much of the Brisbane CBD and surrounding city areas. Many high-rise buildings and significant sections of recently constructed tunnels in the city are founded in these rocks. This paper reviews some key factors impacting on intact rock strength. Indicative strength values are provided as a guide for the conceptual design of engineering structures constructed in these strata. Strength estimates may be confounded because laboratory tests are often limited to a narrow range of foliation dips (25Λ to 45Λ) relative to the direction of compressive loading of the test samples. There is a convincing correlation between weathering and strength.
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Estimating The Occurrence Of Rockfalls In Columnar Basalt
The occurrence of rockfalls from a columnar basalt cliff at the Lal Lal Falls reserve, near Ballarat, Victoria has been estimated using erosion rates and historical data. Erosion rates were calculated from the volume of material removed over the past 3 million years, based on the geomorphological history of the site. Historical data included a rockfall in 1990, which caused the death of two high school students, and another rock topple observed in 1992. A reasonable agreement is found between the volume of material involved in the observed events and the calculated annual erosion rate. In the absence of more reliable data, the method provides a useful estimation of event size and frequency.
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1st Tasmanian Symposium on Geotechnical Engineering and Geomechanics
University-Industry-Government Interaction
Dr Ali Tolooiyan, Matthew Ferguson, Joe Booth, Dr Hong Y Liu, Colin Mazengarb, Dr Claire Kain and Mojtaba Mohammadnejad