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Perth Sands
‘Perth Sands’ is a widely used generic description which refers mainly to the superficial sands on the Perth Coastal Plain. They are variously referred to in terms such as loose, dirty, clean, hungry, one sized, uniform, sharp, well drained (and in some instances ‘gutless’).
This contribution examines some of the conventional geotechnical characteristics of these sands and attempts to provide a measured description of typical Perth Sands. Their disposition in terms of soil associations, their principal geotechnical properties and examples of their response as engineered materials are covered.
The discussion indicates that although their engineering properties are generally favourable, definition of these properties is substantially lacking. Details regarding their disposition and physical and chemical character are needed for progress to be made towards a better understanding of the engineering behaviour of Perth Sands.
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Water content and its effect on a slope failure in Bangladesh
Most of Bangladesh is flat. However small areas of the country including Sylhet, Chittagong, Bandarban, Rangamati, Khagrachari and Cox’s Bazar are hilly. Slope failures are common in Bangladesh during the monsoon season. As a consequence, every year both property and lives are lost due to slope failure on hilly areas. In this study, the causes of slope failure and the remedial measures required are discussed with a case study of slope failure at Himsory of Cox’s Bazar in Bangladesh. Stability analyses of the failed slope have been investigated by adding water in different proportions to get the critical condition of this slope. From the test results, it is found that shear strength parameters of the soil decrease with an increase of water content. As a result the slope failure occurs when the slope becomes saturated.
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Modelling Brittle Failure Of Sandstone At Laboratory And Field Scale Using The Bonded Block Method
The bonded block method is a subtype of the discrete element method where intact rock can be represented using an assembly of 2D polygons or 3D polyhedra with strong, stiff contacts. Brittle fracture can be simulated by shear or tension failure of bonded contacts. This paper presents results from a series of 3D bonded block models based on sandstone from the Snapper Point formation in NSW. First, a series of laboratory scale compression and tension tests are used to develop calibrated contact micro parameters that broadly reproduce laboratory index properties and macroscopic brittle fracture behaviour. Next, the calibrated parameters are used as inputs for a field scale bonded block model of a deep shaft in massive sandstone with high horizontal in situ stress. The shaft model explores the potential for notch breakout by progressive brittle spalling. Compared with results from a continuum analysis, the bonded block model produces a more explicit representation of progressive damage and the transition from an intact continuum to fractured discontinuum. Fracture initiation, propagation, and coalescence can be directly observed by tracking shear and tensile failure of bonded contacts. The results demonstrate that the bonded block method can be a useful tool to characterise rock mass yielding and post-peak strength for problems where brittle fracture controls stability.
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Cone Penetration Tests in Unsaturated Soils
Adrian Russel
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AGS NSW Research Award 2016
for Research in Geotechnical Engineering or Engineering Geology PresentationsDanielle Griffani, Lam Dinh Nguyen and Sinniah Navaratnarajah
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Large-scale Cyclic Triaxial Testing of Soft Clay
The behaviour of saturated soft clays subjected to cyclic loading is of considerable importance in railway engineering. The use of prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) with surcharge preloading is one of the popular methods of soft ground improvement as they accelerate the consolidation by shortening the drainage path. In this paper, the behaviour of a soft clay from North-eastern NSW subjected to cyclic loads is investigated using large-scale triaxial testing. Cyclic triaxial tests on remoulded soft clay samples with vertical drains were carried out using a large scale triaxial apparatus designed and built at the University of Wollongong, using samples of 300 mm in diameter and 600 mm in height. The samples were anisotropically consolidated under ko condition to simulate the in situ stress history. Stress-controlled cycles were then applied to the soil samples. The results of the excess pore water pressure and settlement of the soft clay are presented. The advantages of soft subsoil stabilization with PVDs under cyclic loading conditions are discussed.
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Probabilities of Failure and Factors of Safety in Geotechnical Engineering
Professor Vaughan Griffiths, Colorado School of Mines, USA