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Engineering geomorphological models of the North-west Yilgarn, Western Australia
This paper presents a case study showing the use of geomorphology to generate design recommendations for linear engineering projects. Landform variations have been described for the Yilgarn Craton in early geomorphological studies of Western Australia, and in programmes of regolith mapping and landscape dating. These variations relate to patterns of tectonics, weathering, erosion and cementation. The paper provides three scales of ground models that capture the material, morphology, environmental history and natural processes of the study area. It also reviews the variation of laboratory test results within the framework of the ground models in order to illustrate the practical value of this approach.
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Influence Of Soil Characteristics On Seismic Response Of Mid-rise Moment Resisting Buildings Considering Soil-Structure Interaction
In this study, a fifteen storey moment resisting building frame, representing the conventional types of regular mid-rise building frames, resting on a shallow foundation, is selected in conjunction with three soil types with the shear wave velocity less that 600m/s, representing classes Ce, De and Ee, according to AS 1170.4. Characteristics of the employed soils have been extracted from the available geotechnical investigation reports of various projects. Furthermore, the structure is modelled considering the three mentioned types of the subsoil medium underneath employing the Finite Difference approach using FLAC 2D software. Three strong ground motion records adopted by the international community as benchmark earthquakes are used. These are the 1968 Hachinohe, the 1995 Kobe and the 1994 Northridge earthquakes. Fully nonlinear dynamic analysis under influence of different earthquake records is conducted, and the results of the three different cases are compared and discussed. The results indicate that the dynamic properties of the subsoil play a significant role in seismic response of the building frames under the influence of soil-structure interaction. As the shear wave velocity of the subsoil decreases, lateral deflections and inter-storey drifts of the structures increase which can change the performance level of the structures from life safe to near collapse or total collapse.
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Introduction to the “ANZ 2012 Issue”
This issue of Australian Geomechanics presents some of the papers of the 2012 Australia New Zealand Conference on Geomechanics (ANZ 2012) that are of particular interest to the Australasia region and that were highly ranked by the conference paper reviewers. The Australia New Zealand Conference on Geomechanics is the regional conference of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE) and is held approximately every 4 years.
The first ANZ Conference on Geomechanics was held in Melbourne, Australia, on 9-13 August, 1971. It was sponsored by the Australian Geomechanics Society (AGS), recently formed, and the New Zealand National Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, both technical units of the Australian and New Zealand Institutions of Engineers, respectively. There were 85 listed authors. Nine authors presented more than one paper at that time, showing promise of high productivity and true commitment to the field: Bill Bamford, Ted Davis, Charles Gerrard, Peter James, Geoff Just, Marcis Kurzeme, Peter Moore, Harry Poulos and Len Walker. We recognise these names today for their contributions to the discipline.
Bill Bamford and John Styles today remember that the meeting was the first in the region to use the title “Geomechanics”, embracing rock mechanics, engineering geology and soil mechanics and welcomed major participation from the mining industry as well as the traditional civil engineering. For many young engineers who attended it was the first time to meet people they knew only as authors of technical papers and were able to benefit from discussing issues, gaining insights as well as thinking beyond problem solving.
ANZ 2012 focused on “Ground Engineering in a Changing World”. The spirit of the theme of the 1st ANZ, “Geomechanics – A Tool in National Development,” was still embraced. However, the world has changed and the conference encompassed a more comprehensive ground engineering aspect. Ground engineers are learning to react to climate change, financial systems change, legislative change, clients’ sophistication change, not to mention the tremendous technological changes. The ANZ 2012 conference aimed to explore and better understand these changes and the risks and opportunities they present to the profession.
The main themes of the 11th ANZ conference were:
- Supporting our Structures
- Evolving Geotechnics and Site Characterisation
- Mining and Underground Geotechnics
- Sustainable Geotechnics and Geo-Environmental Engineering (in a Resource Hungry World)
- Near-shore and Off-shore Geotechnics
- Geo-Hazards and Risk
During the conference, 5 invited speakers, from local and global Industry and Academia, provided a review of topics and innovation that are pivotal to ground engineering in our changing world. In addition, a total of 270 peer-reviewed technical papers were presented and discussed in oral and poster presentations. This allowed exchange of advanced knowledge and ideas, cross fertilisation and promotion of a true community of colleagues in ground engineering. These conference papers have been compiled as digital proceedings (Narsilio et al., 2012).
The authors of the highest ranked papers were invited to resubmit an extended version to the International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering for publication in a special edition in July 2013. In addition, papers of particular relevance to Australasia have been included in this issue of Australian Geomechanics.
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Optimising Site Investigations using a Risk-Based Approach
Mark Jaksa and Michael Crisp
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Young Geotechnical Professionals’ Seminar & The 19th Dr Baden Clegg Award
Michael Kostadinovski, Colin McGovern and Shaun Yap
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Geotechnical borehole database for the Perth CBD
A database of geotechnical boreholes drilled in the Central Business District of Perth has been compiled. The database includes 649 boreholes drilled up until 1978. The information is available free of charge in electronic format from the Western Australian Engineers Australia web page.
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Strength Variability Of Deep Cement Mixed Columns On The Overall Performance Of Column-supported Embankments
Deep Cement Mixed (DCM) column improved ground is known to have large strength variability across the material domain. However, the effect of strength variability on the performance of embankments supported by DCM columns is not well studied due to scarcity of numerical modelling facilities to incorporate spatial variability of material properties directly into a finite element analysis and lack of comprehensive field monitoring data. This paper investigates the effect of spatial variability on the performance of an embankment with attached DCM column walls beneath the side slopes. The analysis was carried out using numerical models developed using ABAQUS finite element program incorporating the spatial variability of DCM columns. The strength field in the material domain was randomly generated, from a lognormal distribution, using a computer program written in MATLAB. The sensitivity of embankment deformations to spatial correlation length, coefficient of variation (COV) and partial factor of safety (PFOS) was investigated by analysing a series of models. The reliability of the embankment in each analysis case was assessed using 1500 Monte Carlo realizations. Results demonstrate that the spatial correlation length of strength properties has a great influence on the reliability-based performance of the embankment. Larger spatial correlation lengths resulted higher upper bound in the lateral deformation data of the embankment. COV also affected the upper and lower bounds of the lateral deformation data. The PFOS significantly affected the skewness of the deformation distribution, however PFOS does not affect the upper and lower bounds of the distribution.
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Experimental study of ground energy systems in Melbourne, Australia
Ground energy systems use the ground as a heat source or sink to heat and cool buildings. Because the ground temperature is more stable than the ambient air, ground energy systems can be more efficient than conventional heating and cooling systems. Ground energy systems typically comprise a ground heat exchanger (GHE) connected to a building’s heating and cooling system via a heat pump. The GHE is usually a closed loop of pipe embedded in the ground. Fluid circulates through the embedded pipes to exchange heat between the ground and the building. A research facility has been built at the University of Melbourne’s Parkville campus to experimentally study the effects of GHE configuration on ground energy system performance and investigate the potential to improve existing design techniques. This paper provides an introduction to ground energy systems and describes the experimental set-up.